1. Imiba yokusingqongileyo yokonakala
Ubude kunye nobude, ubushushu, ukufuma, ukusasazeka kwemitha iyonke (ubukhulu be-uv, ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga), imvula, ixabiso le-pH, isantya somoya, icala oya ngakulo umoya, intlenga eyonakalisayo (C1, SO2).
2. Impembelelo yokukhanya kwelanga
Ukukhanya kwelanga ngamaza ombane we-electromagnetic, ngokwamandla kunye nokuphindaphinda kwinqanaba lahlulwe ngokwemitha ye-gamma, i-X-reyi, i-ultraviolet, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, i-infrared, i-microwave kunye namaza erediyo.I-spectrum ye-ULTRAVIOLET (UV) yeye-high frequency radiation, eyonakalisa ngaphezu kwe-spectrum yamandla aphantsi.Ngokomzekelo, siyazi ukuba amachaphaza amnyama eluswini nomhlaza wolusu abangelwa yimitha yelanga yelanga.I-UV inokwaphula amaqhina ekhemikhali ento, ibangele ukuba yaphuke, kuxhomekeke kubude be-UV kunye nokomelela kweekhemikhali zebhondi zento leyo.Imitha ye-X-reyi inomphumela wokugqobhoza, kwaye imitha ye-gamma inokuqhawula izibopho zemichiza kwaye ivelise ii-ion ezihlawuliswayo simahla, ezibulalayo kwizinto eziphilayo.
3. Impembelelo yobushushu kunye nokufuma
Kwiingubo zetsimbi, ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nomswakama kunegalelo kwi-oxidation reaction (i-corrosion).Isakhiwo se-molecular yepeyinti ebusweni bebhodi yokugqoka umbala kulula ukonakala xa ikwimeko yokushisa ephezulu ixesha elide.Xa ukufuma kuphezulu, umphezulu kulula ukujiya kwaye i-electrochemical corrosion trend iyanda.
4. Impembelelo yeph kwintsebenzo yomhlwa
Kwiidiphozithi zetsimbi (i-zinc okanye i-aluminiyam) zonke ziziintsimbi ze-amphoteric kwaye zinokugqweswa ziiasidi ezinamandla kunye neziseko.Kodwa iasidi yesinyithi eyahlukileyo kunye nesakhono sokumelana nealkali sineempawu zayo, ukuxhathisa kwepleyiti yealkali yomelele kancinci, ukuxhathisa kwe-aluminiyam ye-asidi yomelele kancinane.
5. Iimpembelelo zemvula
Ukumelana nomhlwa kwamanzi emvula kwibhodi epeyintiweyo kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sesakhiwo kunye ne-acidity yamanzi emvula.Kwizakhiwo ezinethambeka elikhulu (ezifana neendonga), amanzi emvula anomsebenzi wokuzicoca ukuze athintele ukubola okungaphezulu, kodwa ukuba iinxalenye zibunjwe ngethambeka elincinane (njengophahla), amanzi emvula aya kuthi adipozithe phezu komhlaba. ixesha elide, ukukhuthaza i-hydrolysis yokwambathisa kunye nokungena kwamanzi.Kumalungu okanye ukusikwa kweepleyiti zetsimbi, ubukho bamanzi kwandisa amathuba okuba ne-electrochemical corrosion, i-orientation nayo ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye imvula ye-asidi inzima kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-10-2022